Lately, we’ve been hearing more and more about digital copyrights and fair use in the news and online – particularly with the whole SOPA/PIPA uproar that recently swept the web.
Also, we on the Edublogs support team have been getting more and more complaints and official requests to remove copyrighted content that users have placed on blogs.
The legal jargon with respect to digital copyrights can be confusing – especially since different countries have their own laws and regulations.
With this post, we hope to dispel a few myths and pull together a complete list of resources for teachers and students to use when blogging and working with content online.
Rule #1: You Can’t Use Everything You Find On the Web
This may seem obvious, but judging by the notices we have received, many teachers (and especially students) are under the impression that if it is on the web, then it is up for grabs.
If you and your students keep rule #1 in mind, then everything else should be fine.
Rule #2: There Are Resources You CAN Use
One of the myths out there is that you can’t use any image, video, or content from another website on your blog.
That simply isn’t true, and we’ll cover our favorite sources of “fair use” and “public domain” sources at the end of this post.
It is troubling that while copyright is important to protect the hard work of others, it can also stifle creativity and hamper educational goals. Though SOPA is effectively dead at the moment, there is a legitimate need for newer laws that are built around the open and free-sharing nature of the web.
Understanding Fair Use
You might be aware that as educators, we have a few more flexible rules, called “Fair Use”, to play by.
That is, in some cases, if an image, text, video, etc. is being used for educational purposes, there might be more flexible copyright rules.
For example, a video that was purchased in a store can usually be shown in a classroom when the video is tied to the curriculum being taught. Otherwise, showing a class full of students a video would be considered a “public performance” and would be against the law.
The trouble is, most of the laws and rules that cover fair use and education were written well before the invention of the web.
While a textbook or curricula resource might allow for photocopying for classroom use, it most likely isn’t going to allow you to make a PDF of the document and put it on your class blog or website for students to print themselves.
The end result would be the same, right? A student would have a printed copy.
But make sure to check specific copyright restrictions before uploading anything you’ve scanned to the web!
For more, check out the Fair Use FAQ for Educators here from the excellent resource site, TeachingCopyright.org.
What Can Be a Violation?
Here are the most common types of content that we have been contacted about and asked to remove on our blogs:
- Images – mostly found through google image search
- Curriculum docs – especially handouts and student activities
- Text and quotes – copy/pasted from other websites (even with a link or attribution it still may not be legal)
- Music – usually mp3s that students have uploaded to share on their blogs
But I Won’t Be Caught…
If only that were true.
Google makes it incredibly easy for companies and content creators to seek out those posting their work on the web.
Sadly, we are also noticing more and more “law firms” and organizations out there looking for copyrighted content as a way of generating business. They then contact the copyright holder offering their services to get the content removed (for a fee of course).
It is a ruthless (and apparently profitable) practice, and we’d be lying if we haven’t argued with a few that contact Edublogs about how they are hurting the education of students. But let’s keep on topic…
What If I Am Caught?
Well of course in this case a good offense is your best defense. Check your blogs and class websites for any potentially offending material. If you find anything, just remove it.
The law requires copyright holders to give you (and the host of your site, such as Edublogs, WordPress, etc.) an official notification. Take these seriously and act quickly to remove what they want if you are in the wrong. That should be the end of it.
We were recently notified about a teacher with a blog on Edublogs that had a harmless world map image on his blog that he had presumably found using Google image search. When we contacted him telling him why we had removed the image, he asked if he and his students could write an apology letter to the copyright holder.
It was excellent – turning what could be a bit of an embarrassing mistake into a teachable moment for his students! Now this teacher had a good reason to discuss copyright and creative commons with his students…
So What Is Creative Commons?
One thing to look for when figuring out if a resource (ie. image, video, text, etc.) is free to copy or embed on your blog, is a Creative Commons license.
For example, look at the bottom right corner of the sidebar of this blog. You’ll see that we license all content on this blog as “Attribution – Non-Commercial – Share Alike”.
That is fancy talk for letting you know that you are free to use anything on this blog as long as you:
- give an attribution or credit that lets others know where you got the info with a link,
- won’t profit in any way from using our content and use it for non-business purposes only, and
- anything you create with our content, you must use the same license.
Luckily, the CreativeCommons.org website has a ton of excellent information and makes it easy to grab the license you wish to have on your own blog. If you (or your students) have blogs, then it is a good idea to choose the most appropriate license and make it visible on your blog.
In our case, we pasted the code they provided into a blank text widget in our sidebar.
Where To Find The Goods
Images
Creative Commons Search – Search many sites at once *Our Favorite!
StockVault.net – Free images from photographers around the world
Kozzi.com – One free photo per day
FindIcons.com – Huge resource for avatars or small images
Flickr Advanced Search – Use advanced search filters to show only CC licensed images
Morguefile – Free stock photos (Thanks Sue Lyon-Jones for link in comments!)
Open Clipart Libary – Public domain clipart (Thanks Sue Lyon-Jones for link in comments!)
Videos
You are free to embed any video from YouTube, Vimeo, WatchKnowLearn, etc. on your blog or website as long as it gives you the embed option.
That being said, you (or your students) can’t necessarily use parts from videos on YouTube (or other sources) to make mashups or as part of another video. Be sure to have permission to use any video that you are cutting, making changes to, or adding to a project.
Curriculum and Text
Wikipedia – Quote away (with a link back) to any information you find on Wikipedia
Curriki – An open curriculum community
Collaborize Classroom Library – A growing resource for discussion questions, lesson plans, and more
You won’t be able to add student resources from most textbook companies or purchased curriculum – so be careful and make sure you have permission before doing so!
Related Posts and More Info on Copyright
How To Attribute Copyrighted Works
Larry Ferlazzo’s Best Lists: Learning about copyright, best places for images, and best places for audio
Answering Reader Questions
(Edit: 2/22/2012 – This section was added to include responses to comments and tweets we’ve received since publishing the post)
In private or for-profit institutions, how can we use images and video, if at all? Is it even okay to use YouTube videos in class? What about online articles? Is there a difference between a class of paying students and a training delivered to teachers?
First, any images, videos, or content under a Creative Commons license will let you freely use the material with your student, you just may not be able to turn around and sell any changes you make. Any video on YouTube should be fine for showing in class, and if an image is on the web, you can always display the website that contains the image – where the line is drawn is on copying that image and pasting it on your own blog or website.
Can the onus not be placed on those who post these potential classroom materials, to make it clear who can and can´t or used for and not used for, surely this would be the least time consuming option.
Excellent point! Awareness of copyright and the importance of website owners to make it clear their licenses is improving. I think sticking to trusted sources and using filtered searches is the safest option.
If you can’t use images from the internet why is it that google can group all the images together for people to use?
Interesting thought for sure. Website owners can ask Google not to index their sites and images with a quick code. For bloggers, under Settings > Privacy, users can do the same thing. Not sure that really answers your question though 🙁
Is there a straightforward way to get the permission needed to use a ‘clip’ from a you tube video?
I’ve seen people leave a comment on the YouTube post, but there is no guarantee you’ll get a response.
Some YouTube videos are licensed under a Creative Commons license, and there is an advanced search filter on YouTube that would let you search for these. If you find one, you could use it without permission as long as you follow what the license allows (ie. provide attribution and not make money on the project).
What about the LIBRARY!?
Not so much a question, but Elijah left an excellent comment down below remind us that this is exactly why our libraries can be such valuable resources. Libraries have access to tons of licensed materials and librarians are specially trained to help us navigate the difficult copyright laws. Thanks, Elijah, for the tip!
When I get permission to post something that’s been copyrighted, am I supposed to share it a certain way so others that I have permission to use?
The answer here really depends on the license of the original content and the agreement you have with the original owner. Most of the time a link back to the original works perfect. The location of the link could be in an image caption, in the text itself, or at the end of your piece (like the “References” section of a formal paper).
Maybe APA/MLA/etc. should come out with a set of web publishing guidelines that include citations and reference lists! How would something like that even get started?
Can students read published books aloud, record themselves & publish recording on class blog?
The answer to this is probably not 🙁
However, many books are in the public domain – including most books written before the 1930s. These are all of the free books you see in the e-reader stores. Students would be free to record themselves and publish any book in the public domain. It should say somewhere near the beginning of the book if it is in the public domain (where copyright and publisher information usually goes).
What Do You Think?
Have we missed any important tips or good sites to find resources that are free to use?
Let us know in the comments below and we will be sure to add it to the post!
This subject will be incredibly relevant to my future endeavors as a Social Studies teacher. My general philosophy as a future educator is to involve the students in constructive debate rather than spend the majority of the class time lecturing. Given that videos and images will be a vital conversation starters for my class discussions – the possibility of violating copyright restrictions concerns me. However, I agree with Troy Hicks – educators and the media have much more leeway in utilizing copyrights materials because our efforts do not have a profit motive. I was one of the millions of citizens that contacted my elected representatives in order to urge them to oppose the proposed legislation. For now, democracy prevailed.
While I understand the concern about using copyrighted materials on Edublogs.org, I encourage you to become familiar with the work of Renee Hobbs and her team and the Media Education Lab on fair use provisions of US Copyright Law.
While public domain and Creative Commons licenses are one way for educators and students to find “copyleft” or “copyright friendly” content for their digital projects, Hobbs makes the argument that we have wide latitude for “fair use” of copyrighted materials, so long as they are used in a transformative manner and in service of scholarship, commentary, and critique.
Some resources to review:
http://mediaeducationlab.com/code-best-practices-fair-use-media-literacy-education
http://mediaeducationlab.com/copyright
http://copyrightconfusion.wikispaces.com/
So long as educators and students are using copyrighted materials in transformative ways that add value to the content, not simply reproducing it and taking away from its commercial value, then we can and should exercise our fair use rights.
Whether you buy into Renee Hobbs argument or not, there is an important caveat to fair use which often tends to be overlooked, which is that fair use rarely (if ever) applies to materials created for educational purposes. In other words, you can’t adapt a page from a coursebook, or upload a worksheet that someone else has written without permission, and claim fair use. In order for the fair use defence to apply, 1) the resulting work must be transformative enough to take it away from its original purpose, and 2) it must not interfere with the author’s right to earn a living from it, or potentially exploit the work for profit at a future date.
On a more general note, I think it is important to bear in mind that fair use isn’t actually a right at all – it is merely a defence to a claim for copyright infringement. Ultimately, only the courts can decide whether something amounts to fair use, and I’m sure that most of us wouldn’t want to go there!
Thanks for the update.
For image search I always find http://flickrcc.bluemountains.net useful and more attractive for Creative Commons search on Flickr.
As a teacher I spend much of my time on the hunt for quality materials to use in my classrooms, which are on-line, in addition I write materials myself.
Very often I find good material on the web that fits perfectly with my students requirements, but often I need to adapt them to use them in the class.
I have always followed the “why re-invent the wheel” moto. However, now I am a little nervous as to what I can and can´t use. If I do use or adapt materials other than my own I always paste the source in the document, but it appears that maybe this is not sufficient.
As I am sure any teacher will agree, we prefer to spend our time in the classroom rather than hunting for materials but as needs must for the sake of our students we accept this is a vital part of our profession, especially now with huge amounts of information available, we want our students to open their minds to a variety of different versions.
It appears that we now not only have to spend the time creating our class materials but also we need to spend the time searching licenses to make sure we are able to use said materials. Can the onus not be placed on those who post these potential classroom materials, to make it clear who can and can´t or used for and not used for, surely this would be the least time consuming option.
This is a very useful article and I am grateful you have bought my attention to it.
Excellent post, which I’m sure that many educators will find very useful – thanks!
A couple more links to public domain and other resources for use in class that you might like to add:
Morguefile – free stock photos for commercial and non-commercial use: (some restrictions, so check terms and conditions before using)
http://www.morguefile.com/
Open Clipart Library – public domain clipart
http://openclipart.org/
Fair Use and Creative Commons are nice tools, but my understanding is that they only apply to public schools. Many teachers at private schools, universities, and especially private language institutes work at for-profit institutions where stricter regulations apply.
In these institutions, how can we use images and video, if at all? Is it even okay to use YouTube videos in class? What about online articles? Is there a difference between a class of paying students and a training delivered to teachers?
Advice on all that would be greatly appreciated.
Creative Commons licences allow anybody to use them for whatever purpose Nick, provided that they adhere to the terms stipulated in the licence. As long as you read the licence for any materials you intend to use and comply with it, there shouldn’t be a problem.
If you want to use a Youtube video in class, watch it on a laptop, leave the browser window open, and switch to hibernate mode. The laptop will save a cached copy that you can watch when you get into class. Easy solution, and perfectly legal.
Where fair use is concerned, my understanding is that same rules apply to both private and public educational establishments, Nick, although copyright law is complicated and may vary from country to country… In situations where you are using materials offline then fair use should apply, although where copyrighted content is uploaded to the Internet, the situation is different as the materials are being shared globally; not just with a staffroom or particular group of students!